Overview of the War on Drugs History and Timeline

I Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King - 1662 Words

In 1868 and 1870, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were created, respectively. Both highlighted a momentous moment in the advancement of racial equality. Equality was established for the newly emancipated slaves. Over the last 150 years, America has been slowly advancing toward racial equality. With the election of Barack Obama in 2008, another historic change had come about. The first black male was elected president. Despite these advancements in racial equality, many Americans still remain staunch racists and maintain the mindset of superiority to blacks. Injustice is still apparent since blacks are targeted on a daily basis. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† revealed these everyday social discriminations, as he projected his dream of a society that truly exemplified the Founding Fathers’ beliefs that all men are created equal and have the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Without a doubt, racial equality has improved, but many Americans still believe race is a prominent issue in the United States because of the everyday injustices towards blacks, the criminal justice system, and their economic and educational disparities. Martin Luther King’s vision of a better society built upon equality is still far from fulfilled. A 2013 poll from the Pew Research Center highlighted the black’s (horrible?) situation, as only 26% of black people believed America is better today than five years ago, in contrast to 2009, where 39% ofShow MoreRelatedThe I Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"I have a dream† speech by Martin Luther King is recognised as one of the best speeches ever given. Here Stevie Edwards looks at what makes it so memorable. There is also YouTube clip of the Martin Luther King Speech More than 40 years ago, in August 1963, Martin Luther King electrified America with his momentous ‘I Have A Dream’ speech, dramatically delivered from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. His soaring rhetoric demanding racial justice and an integrated society became a mantra forRead MoreMartin Luther King I Have A Dream Speech1089 Words   |  5 Pages People on the Street â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† These words spoken in the shadow of the Lincoln Memorial by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. have reverberated through the years as a glowing example of the power of words. On August 28, 1963, Dr. King astounded America with his historic I have a Dream speech. His demand for racial justice and aRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech891 Words   |  4 PagesSince Kindergarten, teachers have been teaching students about Martin Luther King Junior’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Ever since children have been born, they have celebrated Independence Day by either going to a parade, or shooting fireworks. Although, at these young ages, children don’t quite know the real importance of each of them. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted every human being, regardless of their race to be trea ted fairly or just. Independence Day was the day on July 4, 1776 where fifty-sixRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesActivist and leader in the Africa American Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr, speaks at the Lincoln Memorial to more than 200,000 people where he gives his famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, where he calls for the need of equal rights between blacks and whites. King’s purpose is to convince the American people that segregation is wrong and should be changed for future generations, encourage all African Americans into fighting until the end, and that segregation is wrong. He effectivelyRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech961 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s Historic â€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written and delivered on August 28, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and remains one of the most historically influential and world-changing speeches of all time. Fifty-two years later, this speech is considered to be one of the best persuasive speeches ever delivered. Dr. King is not only attempting to persuade his audience to understand the plight of minorities in the UnitedRead MoreMartin Luther King I Have A Dream Speech Essay742 Words   |  3 PagesMany of us know Martin Luther King Jr. by his famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. This legendary figure impacted American society in a way that would change our culture forever. There is even a specific day in the year dedicated to him and his dedicated work to help our culture. He fought against racial segregation and civil rights for African Americans. If it wasn’t for Martin Luther King our school probably wouldn’t be as diver se as it is, segregation could have probably still existed and many moreRead More`` I Have A Dream Speech `` By Martin Luther King Jr.2027 Words   |  9 Pagescitizens to have equality. In 1863, the United States of America joined other nations by emancipating those in bondage. Slavery had begun it’s way out in the modern world. However, due to years of indoctrination and social appropriation, there was a discord between those who were white and those who were colored. One hundred years after the emancipation proclamation was given, there was still social and systemic oppression and discrimination against colored people in American Society. Martin Luther KingRead MoreMartin Luther King I Have A Dream Speech Essay711 Words   |  3 Pagesknow that African-Americans compose 40% of the prison population, because of racism, white people commit the same crime and are excused for it (Ben and Jerry’s)? However, I will be informing you about how we can fix this and how we c an make Martin Luther King Jrs I have a dream speech come to life. As Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s showed us in his life work to eliminate racism, we can act to bring peacefully demonstrate a love for humanity. Three actions we can take to eliminate the violenceRead MoreMartin Luther King I Have A Dream Speech Analysis1173 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. is a very historical person in American history. He was a minority that strived for equality amongst all human beings; no matter the color of the person or their religious background. People throughout American history have always had their differences, but he was able to bring people together and bring down barriers that rested upon human society. Martin Luther King Jr. in his speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†, states on how people need to come together and looks pass the color of someone’sRead MoreMartin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech Essay2045 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I have a dream t hat my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.† (MLK, I have a Dream) Imagine standing in the crowd when Martin Luther King said this. To have all of your hopes and dreams of equality voiced in such a magnificent way. It spoke to the hearts of the people about the injustices and discrimination that were tearing apart and demeaning a great nation of liberty and justice. The king truly

Personal Narrative People Need People - 1028 Words

People Need People At half past 10 on my riveting Friday night, I begrudgingly pulled into the nearly empty parking lot that lay adjacent to my family’s store, Smith’s Dress Emporium. My nights have been spent here every night since I was a kid. The same routine every day, day in and day out. The same faded, blue and red, checkered sign, the same grey, bland store front for my whole life. The only difference is now my father isn’t around to run the place. A few months ago, He passed away.. Consequently, I am the acting owner I cut the ignition and made my way out of the car to the front door. As I glanced over to the car adjacent to mine, the only other car in the parking lot, I noticed a bright yellow bumper sticker that read people†¦show more content†¦Blue blouses, out Red slacks, in Tall socks, out Green jackets, in I changed old promotional posters, that should’ve been taken down ages ago. 50% off all black Spiked Belts (While stock available) Buy one get $5 off your next purchase (At Participating locations) putting out new stock. The usual. I had been doing this for quite some time when I began to get hungry. â€Å"Hey hon, what do you want for dinner?† No response again. What a bitch. â€Å"Yuuno this whole act is getting pretty old Jewel, I’m just trying to reach out to you.† Silence. â€Å"No matter how much you think you want to be alone, I know you don’t. Jewel, I need love, you need love Jewel.† She just stares blankly at me, practically emotionless. I need her, I need this to work. I paused to choose my next words very carefully, I couldn’t lose her. I couldn’t lose what we have. â€Å"I need love Jewel. I can’t leave you here alone because I need you. And you need me, we need each other. Right? I know I need you, do you need me?† A long silence fell between us, my mind raced. Was I going to lose her? My knees got weak at the thought of losing her, I just couldnt take it. She couldn t say that she didn t need me, she just couldn t. †Jewel?† â€Å"Jewel?† She isn t answering me. â€Å"Jewel, don’t leave me!† I’m practically screaming at this point. â€Å"Jewel you can not do this to me, you can’t leave me. Please, manufacturing this lie that you can live without expressing yourShow MoreRelatedPatient Narratives1708 Words   |  5 PagesNarratives or stories have been used throughout the history of the human race to allow and help people to express themselves in ways that promote personal growth and enhance physical well-being. Even in the simplest of contexts, narratives are a core factor in the advancement of the humanity/society and all of its facets. An illustration of this can be seen in the transfer of a family s lineage, history, and values from generation to generation. This allows for the recipient of this informationRead MoreDD305 TMA011371 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ â€Å"†¦To speak of the mutual constitution of personal lives and social policy is to suggest that each of these contributes to the formation of th e other. † Explain and illustrate this statement. While it may first appear that ‘personal lives’ and ‘social policy’ are two distinct areas of everyday life, closer exploration will show how close the two intertwine and entangle and actually provide a way for each to give meaning and constitution to each other (Fink and Lewis et al, pg 6). This essay willRead MoreNarrative Therapy Offers a Rewrite of a Persons Life1797 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Often times, people live through painful events in their life that can alter their perception of themselves, their family, and the world. Narrative therapy offers the client the opportunity to re-write their story and gain a different perspective of specific events. It is important to understand that within the history of narrative therapy, therapists view client’s stories through a political lens. Often times, focusing on the oppression and cultural dominance that exists withinRead MoreNarrative Is The Representation Of An Event Or Series Of Events1637 Words   |  7 PagesPlainly, a narrative is â€Å"the representation of an event or series of events.† However, questionably, a first person narrative holds far more significance as it acts as a personal mechanism that is used to define oneself. This may be referred to as a ‘self-narrative,’ Ibarra, H. and Barbulescu, R. 2010 refer to this to describe a story that is informative of the speaker. It is h uman nature to create narratives that represent ourselves and where we stand in society. These constructions allow us toRead MoreEssay988 Words   |  4 Pagesperfection. Each person’s narrative comes together—by the page, sentence, word, and punctuation. Our individual and collective experiences are all a part of the reality we ascribe to ourselves and the world, and like with any draft, parts of it may be scrapped for something new. With my career, I plan to answer two questions: 1) How can people learn more about their personal world and other people in a creative, engaging way? 2) How can one utilize and alter the multifaceted narratives that make up theirRead MoreWalter Fishers Narrative Paradigm Analysis727 Words   |  3 PagesWalter Fisher created the narrative paradigm in 1984. Our book lists several communication theories under the heading of group and public communication; narrative paradigm is one of them. Fisher contends it is human nature to communicate using storytelling. Relating events in this manner helps us make decisions. Stories passed down from generation to generation teach the history and importance of culture or tradition. Stories allow people to relate to one another on a personal level, invoking understandingRead MoreDifference Between High School And College1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe authors essay is effective on distinguishing the difference between high school and college, but still still need to fix on being more in depth and also work on grabbing the audience attention. The authors have good structure by comparing and contrasting because it helped to give the difference between high school and college, to inform their audience, which is new incoming freshman s on what to expect in college. Comparing and contrasting makes a good argument, because it gives audiences theRead MoreImportance Of Personal Writing915 Words   |  4 Pagespapers or to write forced narratives. I never wrote anything for myself until about junior year in high school. I did always enjoy reading intriguing narratives that others didn’t enjoy though, so that’s exactly what I wrote. Even senior year, I was assigned to write a narrative story based around Arthurian legends; I was proud of what I wrote for the first or maybe second time. Writing narratives in any form became my personal writing genre, becoming specifically narrative poetry now, mostly due toRead MorePersonality Can Be A Hard Concept To Pinpoint, Considering1315 Words   |  6 Pagesagree that no two people are the same. One individual will always differ from another in some way, shape or form. However, as I have learned in this class many of the theories group traits, or characteristics together, under certain categories to get a better representation of ones personality. For instance if a person gets energy from being in large groups, and enjoys being social they are going fall into the category of being an extravert. For me I believe my personal narrative has had a large impactRead MoreNarrative Therapy1612 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative therapy is a family counseling approach that continues to evolve and gain popularity in the field of therapy (Chang Nylund, 2013). Given the continued strides of narrative therapy this is a family counseling a pproach worthy of research. This paper will detail the beginnings of narrative therapy and those responsible for its development. Although White and Epston are the leading figures of narrative therapy many individuals with varying backgrounds and beliefs influenced their thinking

pride and prej.doc Essay Example For Students

pride and prej.doc Essay BlindnessThe dictionary definition of pride is a sense of ones proper dignity or value. The dictionary definition of prejudice is an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand without knowledge of the facts. When you add these two themes together, you get the book Pride and Prejudice. The very basis of this book is on pride and prejudice. According to these definitions, pride and prejudice is blindness towards reality. Throughout the book, the various characters judge each other by using pride and prejudice. An example of this is made by Mr. Bennett and sets the tone for the rest of the novel. Mr. Bennett is talking to his wife about the arrival of the rich Mr. Bingley. Mrs. Bennett says that she would like one of their five girls to marry him so that they would be situated well for the rest of their life. Mr. Bennett shows his prejudice by saying, Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! However, it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must vi sit him as soon as he comes(Pg. 5). According to the book, all of the daughters are blessed with beauty. Mr. Bennett must be implying that although his daughters are beautiful, they may not be rich enough or have high enough standards to be considered by Mr. Bingley. He is blind to the feeling of love due to his relationship with his own wife. The majority of the story is based on the feelings between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. Both characters are very self centered, causing them to put up blinders. Elizabeth Bennet is a middle class woman who always likes to be treated the same by everybody, no matter who they are. She believes herself to be plenty good enough for any man. Mr. Darcy especially is blind to any status other than wealth. Mr. Darcy is an extremely rich fellow. These two represent the most pride and prejudice in the book. Mr. Darcy is the perfect example of pride and Elizabeth is a good example of prejudice. Their story starts near the beginning where they meet at a local ball. Mr. Darcy pays little a ttention to her because his pride will not let him deal with a lower class member. He says this of her, She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me(Pg.12). He also says this when asked to find someone to dance with, I certainly shall not. You know how I detest it, unless I am particularly acquainted with my partner. At such an assembly as this, it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with(Pg.12). Elizabeth overhead some of these remarks and she starts her hatred for Darcy. In addition, these remarks lead Elizabeth to think that Darcy said these remarks just because he has standards were too high for her. The tensions are high between these two until the next time they see each other. At this point, both are blind to any assets, but Darcy begins to show some interest in her beauty. The story progresses, Darcy loses his blinders and gains interest in her wit and beauty while Elizabeth hates him increasingly. During this time, Mr. Darcy uses his power to break up Jane Bingley and Mr. Bingley for the reason that he believes that they are not truly in love with each other. Elizabeth thinks that he is doing this because of his prejudice for the lower class. Darcy proposed to Elizabeth and she smoothly said no without seeing him as a man, but as a beast. She stated, I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted th ere. You dare not, you cannot deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other, of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind(Pg. 162). .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 , .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .postImageUrl , .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 , .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:hover , .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:visited , .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:active { border:0!important; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:active , .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228 .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0653dd5653337ee34ab371b0883c228:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Importance of being Earnest - Characters EssayLater, Darcy writes a

Lifestyle Values and Marketing Strategy free essay sample

An analysis of the Marlboro cigarettes advertising strategy and how the company created its manly image. A look at how companies pitch their products to appeal to their customers lifestyles. Theories of marketing and advertising strategies are examined. The Marlboro Cigarette companys advertising pitch of the Marlboro Man is analyzed in order to understand the link between products and lifestyles. There are two significant steps how a customer decides whether he or she will buy the product or not. First, the product has a strong appeal if it is a primary need of the customer for its literal function. Second, customers will buy the product if they find their value or lifestyle is related to it; this one is that the product makers mostly will encourage to boosting the sales. Advertisement should be designed effectively to bring the product value to the primary need of the customers, as if they really need it, by exploiting the different side of customers life, then finding catchy lines to persuade them (in seconds) to improve their style, to get more acknowledgment, or to be like the man on TV. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifestyle Values and Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The Evolution Of The American Television Family Essays - Roseanne

The Evolution Of The American Television Family Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of society's view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by network television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience. The Goldbergs, which was originally a radio show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a small apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and humorous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic family's status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (http://www.nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series' premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that led TV executives to seriously challenge the show's impending success was the use of Lucille Ball's real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The ?mixed-marriage? status was a questionable concept that worried the administrators. The situation prevailed; its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950's household comedy, focused on life through the eyes of an adolescent boy, Beaver. Beaver was a typically disorderly youngster. His brother Wally, just entering his teens, was beginning to discover the opposite sex. The relationship that existed between the boys and their parents, Ward and June, was impeccable. A situation never developed that damaged the kinship beyond restoration. The parents exhibited perfect attributes that no real man and wife could attain. The children bestowed unnatural virtues. The program became popular with Americans but it did not realistically portray America's family status. In 1974, a series developed by Garry Marshal entitled Happy Days issued popularity to this era. The Cunningham family was the primary family featured on the program. The view of the American family modified little when the sixties arrived. Leave it to Beaver dominated television through 1963. In 1961, the ?Dick Van Dyke Show? aided in reinforcing the flawless family image. Some viewers thought Rob and Laura Petire were visibly similar to the first family, John and Jackie Kennedy. The highly successful series Bewitched further developed the perception of an immaculate suburbia. The identical condition developed by the Ward and Petire families was operative in the Stephens family. Each television household featured a working father, affectionate mother, and attentive children. Each family was a middle-class family and all financially secure. They each resided in secure households, which were in carefree urban areas. The morality displayed between the parents was commendable and sacred. The finest depiction of the American family living in the 1960s came twenty years later. The Wonder Years, which debuted on January 31, 1988, exhibited the best portraiture of a middle-class family in distinction to the 1960s. The Arnold family featured a struggling urban household. The parents were both conventional and, in the case of the father, emotionally distant. Kevin's, the teen-aged hero, growing pains mirrored those of America itself. The end of the 1960s witnessed a drastic altercation in America's culture. Television's reflection of society had begun to mature. A solitary bed replaced the twin beds customarily utilized in the depiction of bedrooms. The relationship shared between parents and their children possessed increased difficulty. ?The Brady Bunch? challenged the accepted family structure as it pertained to television. Televisions first ?blended family? was introduced. The program contested certain typical regulations while practicing others. The face of television changed forever in the fall of 1971. Norman Lear's All in the Family brought a sense of harsh reality to television

The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay Example

The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay Example The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay The Different Forms of Nazi Propaganda and Comment on its Success Essay The Nazi Government extensively used Propaganda to influence the German nation and to promote the views of the Regime. It was utilised with the aim of coaxing the people to think and behave in a specific manner. Propaganda was vital for the Nazis as it won the support that enabled them to gain power. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels were the main force behind the Nazi propaganda machine, they intended to keep the population satisfied and to win the support for their political policies. The key theme behind the propaganda was to indoctrinate the people with their Weltanschauung idea (view of the world or philosophy), seeking to turn them into committed members of their Volkgemeinschaft. Did the Nazis achieve their objectives? Did the propaganda prove to be successful? All propaganda was created by Goebbels and Hitler it was spearheaded through the Reich Chamber of Propaganda and Enlightenment of which Goebbels was in charge. The Nazi government used several different forms of propaganda so that they took every opportunity to influence the typical German. They used the media in the form of the press, radio and film. They contaminated culture with their ideas, using paintings, sculpture, architecture, theatre and literature. They held meetings and rallies and had particular Nazi festivals. They influenced the youth by introducing Nazi education and a youth organisation known as the Hitler Youth. Finally they attempted to create a religion known as the German faith movement which combined Nazi ideology with Christian beliefs. Apart from Volkgemeinschaft there were many other themes that the propaganda had intended to promote they were anti-Semitism (the hatred of the Jews), the Fuhrer or Hitler myth that is summed up by Germany is Hitler! Hitler is Germany! Other subjects were national solidarity, anti liberalism and anti left wing/ democracy. The features of the Propaganda used were its subtly it was always there but the individual didnt realise the influence it was having upon them. There was focus on each particular theme, it was enforced through constant repetition. They used different medium so it reached the whole nation. The message was simplified so the common German could understand it and the number of issues it advertised was kept to a minimum so it had a greater influence. As Goebbels the Reich propaganda minister said the finest kind of propaganda does not reveal itself; the best propaganda is that which works invisibly, penetrating into every cell of life in such a way that the public has no idea of the aims of the propagandists. It is the task of state propaganda so to simplify complicated ways of thinking that even the smallest man in the street may understand. The Nazis took strict control over the press; the centre for the Reich Press control had a list of all acceptable editors. In October 1933 it was made illegal to publish anything that would weaken the Reich. The press agencies would write half of the content of the newspapers, the other half was came from the press conferences. Press was basically state controlled; the press lost all its freedom of expressionism. In 1933 the Nazis only controlled 3 per cent of the press by 1939 that had risen to 69 per cent. Section four of the press law ordered editors to keep out of the newspapers anything which in any manner is misleading to the public, mixes selfish aims with community aims, tends to weaken the strength of the German Reich, outwardly or inwardly, the common will of the German people, the defence of Germany, its culture and economy or offends the honour and dignity of Germany. Radio became one of the most powerful tools of indoctrination; Goebbels described it as the spiritual weapon of the totalitarian state. In April 1934 the Nazis established a unified radio system. They purged all of what they described as hostile elements from the system. Probably Goebbels greatest propaganda asset was the production of the Volksempfanger (peoples receiver). It was a cheap small radio subsidised by the government and it only picked up one station. In 1933 7 million people owned one of these radios by 1940 16 million household were listening. To start with the radio was only for light entertainment. In 1935 the estimated audience was 37 million out of 70 million people. If a speech were about to be broadcast then a siren would sound all work would stop and mass listening would commence. Through technical devices such as the radio 80 million people were deprived of independent thought. It was thereby possible to subject them to the will of one man. Film was seen as a form of light entertainment and relaxation. During the 1930s as audiences increased Hitler began to realise that it could be used as a means of propaganda. In 1942 it was nationalised under the UFA. However it wasnt just domestic films that were controlled it was also foreign film that was restrained in particular a number of American Films were banned, because they promoted anti-social behaviour. Goebbels made himself personally responsible for each film, a film would be rewarded by money if it was supportive of Nazism and they were valuable to society. Leni Reifenstahl was Hitlers favourable Director. The two most famed films she directed were the Triumph of the Will released in 1935 and Olympia a documentary about the 1936 Berlin Olympic games. There were many films that promoted Nazi ideology such as the Eternal Jew, that referred to the Jews as a parasitic race, and Judd Suss about the hanging of a Jew. Film was used more for maintaining support for Nazism rather than converting people. One of the most effective ways of maintaining support was through mass rallies. Most of the participants would already be Nazi supporters, but their commitment would probably be strengthened through attending these rallies. Films of rallies might make non-participants feel they wanted to become part of such an impressive movement. The purpose of rallies like film was to improve and maintain support Goebbels described how rallies transformed a person from a little worm into a part of a large dragon. Much of the Nazi social policy was aimed at transforming peoples consciousness far more than their social position. A wide variety of schemes were devised to encapsulate the idea the idea of Volkgemeinschaft, working together, protected by the state. The DAF (German Labour Front) provided facilities for German workers. The peoples car scheme symbolised co-operation to help potentially anyone. The winter relief campaign and Eintopf (one pot meal) all illustrated the new sense of unity within society. The social policy was used to help keep the nation content so they saw that the Nazi Government was good for Germany. The Nazis were determined, through the Reich Chamber of Culture, to exercise control over all forms of culture, to apply it to strengthen their power and to include their values. After 1933 the arts were bound to serve as vehicles for the broadcasting of Nazi ideology, and to help fabricate the peoples collective mind. The arts are for the National Socialist State a public exercise; they are not only aesthetic but also moral in nature and in the public interest demands not only police supervision but also guidance. Painting was dumbed down so it could be easily understood by the common German. Heroic scenes, biological purity and athletic images that promoted the individual was used providing all sections of the community with an ideal. Artists had to have permission to paint and those that did not coincide with the Nazi ideals were prevented from painting or exiled. As a result art in Germany lost its individuality. Degenerate art was art that Hitler considered unacceptable basically any art that had no connection with Volkgemeinschaft and art that threatened to split society. As in all things, the people trust the judgement of one man, the Fuhrer. He knows which way German art must go in order to fulfil its task as a projection of the German character. Sculpture was used by the nazis as it was strong and was a long lasting way to promote the Aryan race all sculpture was changed so that it promoted Nazi ideology. A series of massive sculptural muscle men paraded on or in front of Nazi buildings, reflecting the biologically pure, vigorous Aryan race. Considerable use was also made of photographs. Hitler had an official photographer, Heinrich Hoffman. Key images were carefully stage-managed. Hitler practised expressions and poses before the camera. A series of photographs was widely reproduced, some as postcards, others inside cigarette packets. Of all the traditional arts architecture was viewed as the most artistic form of propaganda. Hitler described it as the word in stone. Buildings were experienced by large numbers of people, and could be constructed in materials that would last; they could thus represent the Thousand-Year Reich that the Nazis were building. The Nazis, like other parties had made considerable use of political posters during the democratic Weimar Republic. After 1933 they had a monopoly which was used to deepen support. For the Nazis education was particularly important. In the schools Nazi racial views were taught and textbooks in subjects such as history and biology were re-written. Teachers were required to join the Nazi Teachers Association and were continuously watched to ensure they followed the party rules by law the association was held responsible for the execution of the ideological and political co-ordination of all teachers in accordance with the National Socialist doctrine. Universities were placed under control of government appointed rectors and academics were not willing to toe the Nazi line were forced out. The Hitler youth was a form of propaganda. It allowed Hitler to infiltrate every aspect of young peoples lives, to always be there. It was the fun of activities and sports, social activities, that held the true appeal of the Hitler youth to the young, not the military practices and exercises that were endlessly drilled into them. All youth movements were absorbed into the Hitler youth, which boys joined at the age of 14. The boys were indoctrinated with the nationalist and racist ideas. They took an oath to Hitler as saviour of our country and were taught to look forward to a future role in the military service. The parallel girls organisation the League of German Maids, prepared girls to serve the state as wives and mothers. Many Christians initially welcomed the Nazis in preference to the ungodly Weimar Republic. This encouraged Hitler to attempt to bring he church under Nazi control by amalgamating the 28 provincial Churches into a Reich Church under a Reich Bishop, Muller. The Nazification of the Reich Church, which attempted to combine Christianity with anti-Semitism and Fuhrer-worship, resulted in a split and emergence of the Confessional Church, led by Pastor Niemoller. This was banned in 1937 and Niemoller and some hundreds of other Pastors were sent to concentration camps. The relevance of how successful propaganda was at reaching people is that it would be true to say that if it had reached people, if it had influenced peoples thought in a way beneficial to the rise of the Nazi party, therefore it had reached its primary aim. If it was successful then it is a credible explanation as to why the Nazis did gain power, through its constant repetition and its means of a way of creating a terror state. Effectively brain wash the nation in to believing that their ideals were right. Propaganda was used in its greatest effect to affect every German person in at least some small way. Propaganda helped the rising Nazi party earn a stronger foothold in the consciousness of peoples thoughts, earn a vote, earn support. However it was not entirely successful as there was fierce opposition to the Nazi movement we see in the example of the Christian Church and the dissenting Confessional Church from the newly created Reich Church. Also there was the Edelweiss Pirates which was a youth movement set up to counteract the Hitler Youth the slogan of this movement was Were going to get rid of Hitler and he cant do a thing. In this opposition we see a failure of propaganda because it shows that it was not influential enough to control these groups opposed to Nazism. It is very difficult to actually gauge the success of Nazi propaganda no market research was conducted to collect results there is no accurate way of measuring the success. If there had been polls conducted, the results would have shown exactly what Goebbels and Hitler wanted people to think, this was achieved by making sure that only certain things were safe to think and more importantly safe to say. In general Nazi propaganda was most successful where it could play traditional prejudices and values of German middle class society, upon issues such as nationalism, anti-socialism, family values But where the regime opposed traditional loyalties, it was far less successful, most obviously in the case of the Churches, also amongst the German working class. We can see that the propaganda must have been influential amongst the German people. It helped the Nazis gain support of the middle class in particular. The nation seemed to be united under Hitler or was that the image portrayed by the Goebbels propaganda machine? The Nazis did achieve some of their objectives through propaganda especially support for their political policies. The only indication we have of success is in the fact that the Nazis gained sufficient support in order for them to be democratically elected into a government which they later destroyed. As Goebbels said in 1934 Propaganda was our sharpest weapon in conquering the state, and remains our sharpest weapon in maintaining and building up the state. Propaganda was the Nazis main weapon and in the evidence we have of election results, support and little opposition the Nazi propaganda machine did succeed in achieving its objectives and therefore was largely successful.